ASTM D445               

Standard Test Method for
Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids
(and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

5. Significance and Use
5.1 Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum
materials, are used as lubricants, and the correct operation of
the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the
liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum
fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage,
handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination
of viscosity is essential to many product specifications.

 

6. Apparatus
6.1 Viscometers—Use only calibrated viscometers of the
glass capillary type, capable of being used to determine
kinematic viscosity within the limits of the precision given in
the precision section.
6.1.1 Viscometers listed in Table A1.1, whose specifications
meet those given in Specifications D 446 and in ISO 3105 meet
these requirements. It is not intended to restrict this test method
to the use of only those viscometers listed in Table A1.1. Annex
A1 gives further guidance.
6.1.2 Automated Viscometers—Automated apparatus may
be used as long as they mimic the physical conditions,
operations or processes of the manual apparatus they replace.
Any viscometer, temperature measuring device, temperature
control, temperature controlled bath or timing device incorporated
in the automated apparatus shall conform to the specification
for these components as stated in 6 of this test method.
The automated apparatus shall be capable of determining
kinematic viscosity of a certified viscosity reference standard
within the limits stated in 9.2.1 and Section 17.
6.2 Viscometer Holders—Use viscometer holders to enable

 

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10. General Procedure for Kinematic Viscosity
10.1 Adjust and maintain the viscometer bath at the required
test temperature within the limits given in 6.3.1 taking account
of the conditions given in Annex A2 and of the corrections
supplied on the certificates of calibration for the thermometers.
10.1.1 Thermometers shall be held in an upright position
under the same conditions of immersion as when calibrated.
10.1.2 In order to obtain the most reliable temperature
measurement, it is recommended that two thermometers with
valid calibration certificates be used (see 6.4).
10.1.3 They should be viewed with a lens assembly giving
approximately five times magnification and be arranged to
eliminate parallax errors.
10.2 Select a clean, dry, calibrated viscometer having a
range covering the estimated kinematic viscosity (that is, a
wide capillary for a very viscous liquid and a narrower
capillary for a more fluid liquid). The flow time shall not be
less than 200 s or the longer time noted in Specifications
D 446.
10.2.1 The specific details of operation vary for the different
types of viscometers listed in Table A1.1. The operating
instructions for the different types of viscometers are given in
Specifications D 446.
10.2.2 When the test temperature is below the dew point, fill
the viscometer in the normal manner as required in 11.1. To
ensure that moisture does not condense or freeze on the walls
of the capillary, draw the test portion into the working capillary
and timing bulb, place rubber stoppers into the tubes to hold
the test portion in place, and insert the viscometer into the bath.
After insertion, allow the viscometer to reach bath temperature,
and the remove the stoppers. When performing manual viscosity
determinations, do not use those viscometers which cannot
be removed from the constant temperature bath for charging
the sample portion.
10.2.2.1 The use of loosely packed drying tubes affixed to
the open ends of the viscometer is permitted, but not required.
If used, the drying tubes shall fit the design of the viscometer
and not restrict the flow of the sample by pressures created in
the instrument.

10.2.3 Viscometers used for silicone fluids, fluorocarbons,
and other liquids which are difficult to remove by the use of a
cleaning agent, shall be reserved for the exclusive use of those
fluids except during their calibration. Subject such viscometers
to calibration checks at frequent intervals. The solvent washings
from these viscometers shall not be used for the cleaning
of other viscometers.

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